Active and passive voice

Kind of voice.

1-Active voice

2-Passive voice

1. Active voice

जिस वाक्य रचना में subject (कर्ता) सक्रिय होता है। उस वाक्य को Active voice कहा जाता है।

Example: 1: Mohan beats Ram.

2: He reads a book.

2. Passive voice

जिस वाक्य में subject ( कर्ता) हो तथा object को active माना गया हो उसे passive voice कहते हैं।

Example:1: Ram is beaten by Mohan.

2: A book is read by him.

Change of sentences into passive voice

Present indefinite tense

[A] Affirmative sentence

Rule:1: Active voice: subject + verb का प्रथम रूप S या es + object.

Rule:2: Active voice: subject + verb का प्रथम रूप + object.

Passive voice: Object का subject रूप + is , am, are, + verb का तीसरा रूप + by + subject का object रूप।

Example: A.V. I writes a letter.

P.V. A letter is written by me.

2. A.V. He flies a kite.

P.V. A kite is flown by him.

3. A.V. She cooks food.

P.V. Food is cooked by her.

[B] Negative sentence

Rule: Active voice: Subject + do या does + not + verb का प्रथम रूप + object.

Passive voice: Object का subject रूप + is , am, are + not + verb का तीसरा रूप + by + subject का object रूप।

Example: A.V. She does not write letters.

P.V. Letters are not written by her.

2. A.V. I do not help him.

P.V. He is not helped by me.

[C] Interrogative sentence

Rule:1: Active voice: Do या does + subject + verb का प्रथम रूप + object + question word (?).

Passive voice: Is ,am,are + Object का subject रूप + verb का तीसरा रूप + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Do you read the newspaper?

P.V. Is the newspaper read by you?

2. A.V. Does my mother teach English?

P.V. Is English taught by my mother?

Rule:2: Active voice: Question word + do या

does + subject + verb का प्रथम रूप + object + question word (?).

Passive voice: Question word +is ,am,are + Object का subject रूप + verb का तीसरा रूप + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. What do you see there?

P.V. What is there seen by you?

2. A.V. Why do the girls read books?

P.V. Why are books read by the girls?

Rule:3: Active voice: Question word (who) + verb का प्रथम रूप + s या es + object + question mark(?).

Passive voice: By + subject के रूप में question word का object रूप who को whom + is,am,are + object का subject रूप + verb का तीसरा रूप + question mark?

Example: A.V. Who makes a noise?

P.V. By whom is make a noise?

A.V. Who teaches you hindi?

P.V. By whom is you hindi taught?

[D] Interrogative negative sentence

Rule: 1: Active voice:Doया does + subject + not + verb का प्रथम रूप + object + question mark(?).

Passive voice:Is ,am,are + Object का subject रूप + not + verb का तीसरा रूप + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example: A.V. Does she not eat the mangoes?

P.V. Are the mangoes not eaten by her?

A.V. Do they not see the taj?

P.V. Is the taj not seen by them?

Rule:2: Active voice: Question word + do या

does + subject + not + verb का प्रथम रूप + object + question word (?).

Passive voice: Question word +is ,am,are + Object का subject रूप + not + verb का तीसरा रूप + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example:A.V. Why do you not commit such a mistake?

P.V. Why is such a mistake not commited by you?

Change of subject into object.

Subject. Object. He him

She her

It it

They them

You you

I me

We us

Present continuous tense

[A] Affirmative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: Subject + is,am,are + verb's 1st form + ing + object .

Passive voice: object का subject रूप + is,am,are +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप।

Example:A.V. He is writting a letter.

P.V. A letter is being written by him.

2.A.V. The boys are learning the poem.

P.V. The poem is being learnt by the boys.

[B] Negative sentence

Rule: Active voice: Subject + is,am,are + not + verb's 1st form + ing + object.

Passive voice: object का subject रूप + is,am,are + not +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप।

Example:A.C. He is not inviting us.

P.V. We are not being invited by him.

2.A.V. She is not washing clothes.

P.V. Clothes are not being washed by her.

[C] Interrogative sentence

Rule.1:Active voice: Is,an,are + subject + verb's 1st form + ing+ object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Is,am,are + object का subject रूप +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Are you decorating the room ?

P.V. Is the room being decorated by you?

2.P.V. Are they telling a lie?

P.V. Is a lie being told by them?

Rule.2: Active voice:Question word + Is,an,are + subject + verb's 1st form + ing+ object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Question word +Is,am,are + object का subject रूप +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Why are you beating your son?

P.V. Why is your son being beaten by you?. 2. A.V. Where is Ramesh teaching this child tomorrow?

P.V. Where is this child being taught by Ramesh tomorrow?

Rule.3: Active voice: Question word (who) +is,am,are + verb's 1st form + ing + object + question mark(?) . Passive voice: By + subject के रूप में question word का object रूप who को whom + is,am,are + object का subject रूप + being + verb's 3rd form + question mark?

Example: A.V. Who is singing a song?

P.V. By whom is a song being sung?

2.A.V. Whom are you calling?

P.V. Who is being called by you?

Note: passive voice बनाते समय who को whom कर देते हैं और whom को who कर देते हैं यदि वाक्य active voice से शुरू है यदि whom आया हो तो।

[D] Interrogative Negative sentence

Rule.1:Active voice: Is,an,are + subject + not + verb's 1st form + ing+ object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Is,am,are + object का subject रूप + not +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Is she not cooking food?

P.V. Is food not being coocked by her?

Rule.2: Active voice:Question word + Is,an,are + subject + not + verb's 1st form + ing+ object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Question word +Is,am,are + object का subject रूप + not +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Why is he not helping you?

P.V. Why are you not being helped by him?

Present perfect tense

[ A] Affirmative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Subject + hasया have + verb's 3rd form + object.

Passive voice: object का subject रूप +hasया have + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप

Example: A.V. I have written the letter.

P.V. The letter has been written by me.

2. A.V. I have learnt my lesson.

P.V. My lesson has been learnt by me.

[B] Negative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Subject + hasया have +not + verb's 3rd form + object.

Passive voice: object का subject रूप +hasया have +not + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप

Example: A.V. He has not taught me.

P.V. I have not been taught by him.

2. A.V. You have not stolen the watch.

P.V. The watch has not been stolen by you.

[C] Interrogative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : hasया have +subject + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: hasया have + object का subject रूप + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example: A.V. Has my mother taught me hindi?

P.V. Have i been taught hindi by my mother?

2.A.V. Has she washed the clothes?

P.V. Have clothes been washed by her ?

Rule:2: Active voice: Question word + hasया have +subject + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Question word + hasया have + object का subject रूप + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example:A.V.

Rule:3:Active voice : Question word (who) +has या have + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?) .

Passive voice : By + subject के रूप में question word का object रूप who को whom + has या have + object का subject रूप + been + verb's 3rd form + question mark?

Example:A.V. Who has broken the glass?

P.V. By whom has the glass been broken?

2. A.V. Who has burnt the papers?

P.V. By whom have the papers been burnt?

[D] Interrogative Negative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : hasया have +subject +not + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: hasया have + object का subject रूप + not + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example: A.V.

Rule:2: Active voice: Question word + hasया have +subject + not + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Question word + hasया have + object का subject रूप + not + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example:

Present perfect continuous tense no change

Past indefinite tense

[ A] Affirmative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Subject + verb's 2nd form + object.

Passive voice: object का subject रूप +was या were + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप ।

Example:A.V. He helped me.

P.V. I was helped by him.

2.A.V. The farmer sold the grain.

P. V. The grain was sold by the farmer.

[B] Negative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Subject + did + not +verb's 1st form + object.

Passive voice: object का subject रूप +was या were + not + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप ।

Example:A.V. I did not call the children.

P.V. The children were not called by me.

2.A.V. He did not buy mangoes today.

P. V. Mangoes were not bought by him today.

[C] Interrogative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Did + subject +verb's 1st form + object + question mark (?).

Passive voice:Was या were + object का subject रूप + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?)

Example:A.V. Did you sweep the floor?

P.V. Was the floor swept by you?

2.A.V. Did they buy oranges?

P. V. Were oranges bought by them?

Rule.2: Active voice : Question word + did + subject +verb's 1st form + object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Question word +wasया were + object का subject रूप + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?)

Example:A.V. What did you eat today?

P.V. What was eaten by you today?

2. A.V. When did she dance in a drama?

P.V. When was a drama danced in by her?

Rule:3:Active voice : Question word (who) +verb's 2nd form + object + question mark(?) .

Passive voice : By + subject के रूप में question word का object रूप who को whom + was या were + object का subject रूप + verb's 3rd form + question mark?

Example:A.V. Who broke the jug?

P.V. By whom was the jug broken?

2. A.V. Who taught you grammar?

P.V. By whom was you taught grammar?

[D] Interrogative Negative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Did + subject + not +verb's 1st form + object + question mark (?).

Passive voice:Was या were + object का subject रूप + not+ verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?)

Example:A.V. Did you not sweep the floor?

P.V. Was the floor not swept by you?

2.A.V. Did they not buy oranges?

P. V. Were oranges not bought by them?

Rule.2: Active voice : Question word + did + subject +v not +1st form + object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Question word +wasया were + object का subject रूप + not +verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?)

Example:A.V. What did you not eat today?

P.V. What was not eaten by you today?

2. A.V. When did she not dance in a drama?

P.V. When was a drama not danced in by her?

Past continuous tense.

[A] Affirmative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: Subject + was या were+ verb's 1st form + ing + object .

Passive voice: object का subject रूप + was या were+being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप।

Example:A.V. He was writting a letter.

P.V. A letter was being written by him.

2.A.V. The boys were learning the poem. P.V. The poem was being learnt by the boys.

[B] Negative sentence

Rule: Active voice: Subject + was या were + not+ verb's 1st form + ing + object.

Passive voice: object का subjet रूप + was या were + not +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप।

Example:A.C. He was not inviting us.

P.V. We were not being invited by him.

2.A.V. She was not washing clothes.

P.V. Clothes were not being washed by her.

[C] Interrogative sentence

Rule.1:Active voice:was या were+ subject + verb's 1st form + ing+ object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: was या were+ object का subject रूप +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Were you decorating the room ?

P.V. Was the room being decorated by you?

2.P.V. Were they telling a lie?

P.V. Was a lie being told by them?

Rule.2: Active voice:Question word + was या were+ subject + verb's 1st form + ing+ object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Question word +was या were+ object का subject रूप +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Why were you beating your son?

P.V. Why was your son being beaten by you?. 2. A.V. Where was Ramesh teaching this child tomorrow?

P.V. Where was this child being taught by Ramesh tomorrow?

Rule.3: Active voice: Question word (who) +was या were + verb's 1st form + ing + object + question mark(?) . Passive voice: By + subject के रूप में question word का object रूप who को whom + was या were+ object का subject रूप + being + verb's 3rd form + question mark?

Example: A.V. Who was singing a song?

P.V. By whom was a song being sung?

2.A.V. Whom were you calling?

P.V. Who was called by you?

[D] Interrogative negative sentence

Rule.1:Active voice: Was या were + subject + not + verb's 1st form + ing+ object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Was या were+ object का subject रूप + not +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Was she not cooking food?

P.V. Was food not being coocked by her?

Rule.2: Active voice:Question word + was या were+ subject + not + verb's 1st form + ing+ object + question mark (?).

Passive voice: Question word +was या were + object का subject रूप + not +being + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example: A.V. Why was he not helping you?

P.V. Why were you not being helped by him?

Past perfect tense

[ A] Affirmative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Subject + had + verb's 3rd form + object.

Passive voice: object का subject रूप + had + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप

Example: A.V. I had written the letter.

P.V. The letter had been written by me.

2. A.V. I had learnt my lesson.

P.V. My lesson had been learnt by me.

[B] Negative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Subject + had +not + verb's 3rd form + object.

Passive voice: object का subject रूप + had +not + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप

Example: A.V. He had not taught me.

P.V. I had not been taught by him.

2. A.V. You had not stolen the watch.

P.V. The watch had not been stolen by you.

[C] Interrogative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Had +subject + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Had + object का subject रूप + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example: A.V. Had my mother taught me hindi?

P.V. Had i been taught hindi by my mother?

2.A.V. Had she washed the clothes?

P.V. Had clothes been washed by her ?

Rule:2: Active voice: Question word + had +subject + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Question word + had + object का subject रूप + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example:A.V.

Rule:3:Active voice : Question word (who) + had + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?) .

Passive voice : By + subject के रूप में question word का object रूप who को whom + had + object का subject रूप + been + verb's 3rd form + question mark?

Example:A.V. Who had broken the glass?

P.V. By whom had the glass been broken?

2. A.V. Who had burnt the papers?

P.V. By whom had the papers been burnt?

[D] Interrogative Negative sentence

Rule.1: Active voice : Had +subject +not + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Had + object का subject रूप + not + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example: A.V.

Rule:2: Active voice: Question word + Had +subject + not + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Question word + Had+ object का subject रूप + not + been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark(?).

Example:

Past perfect continuous tense no change

Future indefinite tense

[A] Affirmative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: Subject + shall या will + object.

Passive voice: Object का subject रूप + shall या will + be + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप।

Example:A.V. I shall go to market.

P.V. Market will be learnt by us.

2. A.V. We shall learn the poem.

P.V. The poem will be learnt by us.

[B] Negative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: Subject + shall या will + not + object.

Passive voice: Object का subject रूप + shall या will + not+ be+ verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप।

Example:A.V. I shall to not gomarket.

P.V. Market will not be learnt by us.

2. A.V. We shall not learn the poem.

P.V. The poem will not be learnt by us.

[C] Interrogative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: shall या will + subject + verb's 1st form + object.

Passive voice: Shall या will + object का subject रूप + be+ verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + Question mark(?)

Example:A.V. Will the police arrest the thief?

P.V. Will the thief be arrest by the police? 2. A.V. Shall i finish the work tomorrow? P.V. Will the work be finished by me tomorrow?

Rule:2:Active voice: Question word + shall या will + subject + verb's 1st form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Question word + shall या will + object का subject रूप + be + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example:A.V. When will you pay the money?

P.V. When will the money be paid by you?

Rule.3: Active voice: Question word (who) + shall या will + verb's 1st form + object + question mark(?) . Passive voice: By + subject के रूप में question word का object रूप who को whom + shall या will + object का subject रूप + be + verb's 3rd form + question mark?

Example: A.V. Who shall beat me ?

P.V. By whom shall i be beaten? 2.A.V. Who will solve the Question ? P.V. By whom will the Question be solved?

[D] Interrogative Negative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: shall या will + subject + not + verb's 1st form + object.

Passive voice: Shall या will + object का subject रूप + not + be + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + Question mark(?)

Example:A.V. Will the police not arrest the thief?

P.V. Will the thief not be arrest by the police?

2. A.V. Shall i not finish the work tomorrow?

P.V. Will the work not be finished by me tomorrow?

Rule:2:Active voice: Question word + shall या will + subject + not + verb's 1st form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Question word + shall या will + object का subject रूप + not + be +verb's 3rd form + by +subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example:A.V. When will you not pay the money?

P.V. When will the money not be paid by you?

Future continuous tense no change

Future perfect tense

[A] Affirmative sentence

Rule:1: Active voice: Subject + shall haveया will have + verb's 3rd form + object.

Passive voice: Object का subject रूप + shall have been या will have been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप।

Example:A.V. I shall have read the book.

P.V. The book will have been read by me.

2. A.V. He will have done the word before he sleeps.

P.V. The word will have been done by him before he sleeps.

[B] Negative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: Subject + shall या will + not + have + verb's 3rd form + object.

Passive voice: Object का subject रूप + shall या will + not+ have been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप।

Example:A.V. I shall not have gone to market.

P.V. Market will not have been gone by me.

2. A.V. We shall not have learnt the poem.

P.V. The poem will not have been learnt by us.

[C] Interrogative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: shall या will + subject + have + verb's 3rd form + object.

Passive voice: Shall या will + object का subject रूप + have been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + Question mark(?)

Example:A.V. Will the police have arrested the thief?

P.V. Will the thief have been arrested by the police?

2. A.V. Shall i have finished the work tomorrow?

P.V. Will the work have been finished by me tomorrow?

Rule:2:Active voice: Question word + shall या will + subject +have + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Question word + shall या will + object का subject रूप + have been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example:A.V. When will you have pay the money?

P.V. When will the money have been paid by you?

Rule.3: Active voice: Question word (who) + shall have या will have + verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?) . Passive voice: By + subject के रूप में question word का object रूप who को whom + shall या will + object का subject रूप + have been + verb's 3rd form + question mark?

Example: A.V. Who shall have beat me ?

P.V. By whom shall i have been beaten? 2.A.V. Who will have solve the Question ? P.V. By whom will the Question have been solves?

[D] Interrogative Negative sentence

Rule:1:Active voice: shall या will + subject + not + have +verb's 3rd form + object + Question mark(?)

Passive voice: Shall या will + object का subject रूप + not + have been + verb's 3rd form + by + subject का object रूप + Question mark(?)

Example:A.V. Will the police not have arrested the thief?

P.V. Will the thief not have been arrested by the police?

2. A.V. Shall i not have finished the work tomorrow?

P.V. Will the work not have been finished by me tomorrow?

Rule:2:Active voice: Question word + shall या will + subject + not + have +verb's 3rd form + object + question mark(?)

Passive voice: Question word + shall या will + object का subject रूप + not + have been +verb's 3rd form +by + subject का object रूप + question mark (?).

Example:A.V. When will you not have pay the money?

P.V. When will the money not have been paid by you?

Future perfect continuous tense no change

Passive voice of imperative sent.

[A] Affirmative sentence

Active voice: Verb's 1st form + object.

Passive voice: Let + object + be + verb's 3rd form.

Example:A.V. Post this letter.

P.V. Let this letter be posted.

2. A.V. Tell him to wait.

P.V. Let him be told to waited.

[B] Negative sentence

Active voice: Do not या don't + verb's 1st form + object.

Passive voice: Let + the object + not + be + verb's 3rd form.

Example:A.V. Do not kill the bird.

P.V. Let the bird not be killes.

2. A.V. Never quarrel him.

P.V. Let him never be quarreled.